Gamma Cyclodextrin

Gamma Cyclodextrin (98%) Supplier​​​​​​​

YTBIO supplies high-purity Gamma Cyclodextrin (98%). Our products are characterized by high purity, structural stability, and excellent safety. For 12 years, we have been providing global customers with γ-cyclodextrin raw materials and related OEM/ODM services. Please feel free to contact us for detailed product information and the latest pricing.

What Is Gamma Cyclodextrin?

γ- Cyclodextrin is composed of 8 glucose units connected by α-1,4 glycosidic bonds, forming a hollow cylindrical structure. The interior is composed of non-polar hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms, and the exterior is highly hydrophilic due to the large number of hydroxyl groups. It is formed by the action of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase on glucose polymers such as starch, glycogen, malt, and oligosaccharides. Currently, γ-CD is mostly used as a raw material for the production of sodium sugammadex. It has a larger cavity than β-cyclodextrin and can contain more types of guest molecules. It is widely used in many fields such as food, cosmetics, and medicine. It has the highest solubility and can most effectively improve the solubility and emulsification ability of guest compounds; in addition, it is the safest for the human body and can also be acted upon by enzymes, making it easily degraded and absorbed by the small intestine, thereby reducing nephrotoxicity.

​​​​​​​Product Details

Cyclodextrin Series Products List

Features

• Good water solubility, high solubility at room temperature.
• It has a larger cavity and can contain a wider range of guest molecules.
• It has a ring structure, the outer side of the molecule is hydrophilic, and the inner cavity is hydrophobic.

Applications

Food industry

(1)Food additives: Gamma Cyclodextrin can be used as a food additive to improve the taste and stability of food. For example, it can be used to make juice drinks and dairy products, etc., to improve the taste of food and extend the shelf life.

(2)Protection and release of flavor substances: It can encapsulate flavor substances and control their release in food, thereby enhancing the flavor of food.

Cosmetics

(1)Moisturizer and film former: It can be used as a moisturizer and film former to improve the moisturizing effect and film-forming performance of cosmetics.

(2)Stabilizer of active ingredients: Due to the hydrophobic cavity inside its molecules, it can be used to encapsulate and stabilize fat-soluble active ingredients, such as vitamin E and squalane, to improve the efficacy and stability of cosmetics.

Medicine

In the field of medicine, it can be used as a drug carrier to encapsulate drug molecules in its hydrophobic cavity to form stable drug nanoparticles, thereby improving the stability and bioavailability of drugs and enhancing the efficacy of drugs. In addition, by modifying its surface groups, targeted drug delivery can be achieved, improving the efficacy of drugs and reducing side effects.

Environmental protection

(1)Pollution adsorption: It can form host-guest inclusions with organic pollutants in water and soil, thereby increasing the solubility of these pollutants and promoting their removal from the environment.

(2)Catalytic reduction: It can be used to catalytically reduce organic pollutants in water, and at the same time adsorb and remove the reduction products to achieve deep purification of sewage.

Other fields

Agriculture: It can be used as an adjuvant in pesticide preparations to improve the stability and efficacy of pesticides.

Preparation Method

Enzymatic preparation

This is the most commonly used method for preparing Gamma Cyclodextrin, which mainly uses cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase (CGTase) to act on starch or other sugar substrates.

Starch liquefaction: The high-concentration starch is liquefied and pretreated, and α-amylase is usually used to convert starch into maltose or other oligosaccharides.

Enzymatic conversion: CGTase is added to the liquefied starch, and CGTase can catalyze the transfer reaction between glucose units to form γ-CD.

Separation and purification: It is separated from the reaction mixture by appropriate separation techniques (such as crystallization, chromatographic separation, etc.) and purified.

Other methods

Ionic liquid-assisted method: In the enzymatic preparation process, the addition of ionic liquids can increase its yield. Ionic liquids can change the reaction environment and promote the catalytic activity of enzymes.

Ultrasonic assisted method: Ultrasonic technology can accelerate enzyme-catalyzed reactions and increase its yield and purity.

Gamma-Cyclodextrin: Enhancing the Bioavailability of Hydrophobic Nutritional Supplements

Coenzyme Q10, curcumin, and tocotrienols offer health benefits, but suffer from poor stability, low water solubility, and low bioavailability. A study suggests that γ-cyclodextrin can improve these deficiencies.

Coenzyme Q10 & γ-cyclodextrin Complex

Seventy-two healthy adults were orally administered a coenzyme Q10-γ-cyclodextrin complex, a water-soluble coenzyme Q10 oil emulsion, and a coenzyme Q10-microcrystalline cellulose mixture, followed by blood drug concentration measurements. Results showed that the complex group had significantly higher blood drug concentrations, area under the curve (AUC), and half-life than the other two groups, with a significant advantage remaining after 24 hours. This indicates that the γ-cyclodextrin complex effectively improves the bioavailability of coenzyme Q10.​​​​​​​

Solubilization Mechanism

Binding constant measurements revealed that γ-cyclodextrin has a stronger binding affinity to sodium taurocholate (a component of small intestinal bile acids). Upon addition of sodium taurocholate to the coenzyme Q10-γ-cyclodextrin complex, coenzyme Q10 was displaced and solubilized by bile acid micelles. The results indicate that after oral administration, intestinal bile acids can displace the active molecule from the cyclodextrin cavity, forming soluble micelles to promote absorption.

Intestinal Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Release

Free γ-cyclodextrin and the coenzyme Q10-γ-cyclodextrin complex were incubated with pancreatic α-amylase, respectively. More than 80% of the free γ-cyclodextrin was degraded, while the complex remained undegraded without sodium taurocholate but was completely degraded upon its addition. This suggests that the insoluble complex is not rapidly decomposed by enzymes in the intestine, but is slowly released only after bile acid displacement, thus prolonging the drug's half-life in the bloodstream.

Effect of Food State

The solubility of the panthenol-γ-cyclodextrin complex was measured in simulated intestinal fluid under fasting and feeding conditions (with higher bile acid concentrations). The concentration was 0.12 mg/mL in the fasting state and exceeded 0.45 mg/mL in the eating state, approximately three times the former. This indicates that the higher bile acid concentration in the eating state is beneficial for solubility, and it is recommended to take it with meals.

In summary, combining it with γ-cyclodextrin is an effective way to improve the bioavailability of hydrophobic nutritional supplements.

Reference:Uekaji, Yukiko and Keiji Terao. “Bioavailability enhancement of hydrophobic nutraceuticals using γ-cyclodextrin.” Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry 93 (2018): 3-15.

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